Drainage systems for the yard

Drainage systems for the yard

Drainage systems for the yard - how to save the garden from waterlogging

Water retention in the yard is not just an aesthetic problem. Waterlogging can lead to rotting of the plant's root system, destruction of the garden pavements and even to problems with the foundations of the house. A professionally designed drainage system is the only permanent solution. In this article, we will consider the main types of drainage and the technical specifics of their construction.

Content

Signs, that you need drainage

Before you start excavation, you need to identify the problem. The most common indicators are:

  • Puddles, which do not absorb more than 24 hours after rain.
  • Moss and mold on the lawn or garden paths.
  • Death of plants, which are otherwise properly cared for (sign of root rot).
  • Damp in ground floors or basement.

Types of drainage systems

The choice of system depends on the source of the water (surface or underground).

  • Surface drainage (Linear drainage): It is used to drain rainwater from paths, terraces and around buildings through grating channels.
  • French drain (Underground): It represents an excavation, filled with gravel and perforated pipe, which "collects" subsoil moisture and takes it away from critical areas.
  • Point drainage: Mines, located under the downspouts or in the lowest points of the yard.

Critical components: Geotextile, pipe and fraction

In order not to clog the system after two years, the following standards must be met:

  • Drain pipe: Corrugated pipe with perforation is usually used (ф110 is a yard standard).
  • Faction (Gravel): Use washed river stone or crushed stone with fraction 20-40 mm. It provides the cavities, through which water passes easily.
  • Geotextile: This is the most important element. It wraps the gravel and the pipe, by acting as a filter – it lets the water through, but stops fine soil particles, which would overwhelm the system.

The importance of slope and drainage

Water moves by gravity. A drainage system without a proper slope is just an expensive excavation, full of water.

  • Minimum slope: It should be at least 1% (1 cm per linear meter), but it is preferable 2%.
  • Where does the water go?: It should discharge into the storm drain, in a sump or in the lowest part of the terrain outside the property, where it won't get in the way.

Common design mistakes

  • Skipping the geotextile: The system stops working until 1-2 season due to mud reinforcement.
  • Insufficient depth: Drainage should be below the level of the root system or foundations, which it protects.
  • Backslope: Water stagnates in the pipes and creates conditions for unpleasant odors and insects.

Frequently asked questions

1. How deep should the drainage trench be??
Usually between 60 and 100 cm, depending on the specific relief and soil type.

2. Can I connect the gutters to the french drain?
Not recommended. The water from the gutters is in large volume and can overload the underground drainage, causing back flooding. Use separate pipes for them.

3. Should drainage be maintained??
When properly executed with geotextile, the system is practically eternal, but it is good to check the inspection shafts for deposits once a year.

Conclusion

The investment in drainage system is an investment in the longevity of your property. Proper drainage prevents costly repairs and ensures, that your plants will grow in an optimal environment. If you are unsure about the leveling of your terrain, consultation with a landscape architect is a mandatory step.

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